1219 BC | Hyllus married Iole. [Apo.2.8.2]
1219 BC | Tyndareus died and was succeeded by the Dioscuri. [Paus.3.1.5]
1218 BC | Oedipus died in Athens. [Apo.3.5.9, Paus.1.28.7]
** Oedipus was buried in Thebes and later reburied in Athens. [Paus.1.28.7]
1218 BC | the funeral games for Oedipus were held in Thebes, and Mecisteus, son of Talaus, excelled. [Home.23.676, Paus.1.28.7]
** Argea, daughter of Adrastus, attended Oedipus's funeral. [Hesiod.CW.F24]
** Polyneices, who was feuding with Eteocles, likely sent his wife Argea to pay his respects.
** Polybus, father of Mecisteus' mother, Lysianassa, was Oedipus's adoptive father, and Oedipus was Mecisteus's uncle-in-law.
** Amphiaraus was one of those who buried Oedipus. [Hesiod.CW.F99]
** After the death of Oedipus, Polyneices returned to Thebes at the invitation of Eteocles. This was likely prompted by Polyneices's wife's condolences.
1218 BC | Eurystheus threatened to take military action against Ceyx unless it expelled Heracles' children. [Diod.4.57.3, Paus.1.32.6]
1218 BC | the Heracleidae migrated from Trachis to Attica. [Diod. 4.57.4, Paus. 1.32.6]
** The Heracleidae lived in Tricorythus [Diod. 4.57.4, 4.58.3, 4.58.5, 7.7.1] and Marathon [Paus. 1.32.6]
** Iope, one of Theseus' wives, was Iolaus' sister, and Theseus and Iolaus were brothers-in-law. [Plut. These. 29]
1217 BC | Eurystheus invaded Athens, where the Heracleidae lived, and was killed by Iolaus. [Apo. 2.8.1, Paus. 1.44.10, Strabo. 8.6.19]
** This was when all of Heracles' sons had reached adulthood, and a spirit of pride had arisen among the young men for the glory of Heracles. [Diod.4.57.5]
** Admete, daughter of Eurystheus, a priestess of the temple of Hera in Argos, fled to the island of Samos. [Athen.15.672a]
** Argos and Mycenae were fighting over the temple of Hera, but during Eurystheus' time, it was under Mycenae's jurisdiction. [Diod.11.65.2]
** Eurystheus's reign lasted 45 years. [Jerome Chro.1308]
1217 BC | Atreus inherited Mycenae and emigrated from Cleonae to Mycenae. [Diod.4.58.2]
** Cleonae, founded by Atreus, was settled by his brother Cleonymus, and the city's name was changed at that time. [FGrH.Nr2.F3, Paus.2.15.1]
** << Why Atreus inherited Mycenae >>
** After Eurystheus' death, there was no heir, and an oracle predicted that Pelops' son should be king. [FGrH.Nr333.F133]
** When Eurystheus set out to attack Heracleidae, he entrusted Mycenae to Atreus. [Dic:Atreus, Thucy.1.9]
** Atreus was presumably the son of Perseus' daughter, Autochthe. [Dic:Perseus]
** Therefore, Atreus had the right to inherit Mycenae, which had been founded by his grandfather, Perseus.
1216 BC | Iolaus gathered settlers in Athens and emigrated to Sardinia, where he spent the rest of his life. [Paus. 9.23.1]
** Iolaus is believed to have been absent from Greece at the time of Adrastus's attack on Thebes.
** The Athenians founded Ogryle in Sardinia. [Paus. 10.17.5]
1216 BC | Oedipus' son Polyneices returned to Thebes at the invitation of Eteocles. He later returned to exile in Argos. [Apo. 3.6.1, Paus. 9.5.12]
1215 BC | the first Nemean Games were held in memory of Opheltes (or Archemorus), son of Lycurgus (or Lycus), who had been scheduled to participate in the attack on Thebes and died unexpectedly. [Apo.3.6.4, Cleme.Exho.2, Euseb.Pra.2.6, Hyginus.14, Hyginus.74, Hyginus.273, Paus.8.48.2, Pindaros.1]
** The Nemean Games were held every five years. [Hyginus.74]
** Lycurgus, son of Pronax, was a priest of Nemean Zeus. [TzeAdLyco.373]
1215 BC | Tydeus visited Mycenae accompanied by Polyneices, who had been exiled from Thebes. [Home.4.364]
** Mycenae agreed to send reinforcements, but decided not to do so due to ominous omens. [Home.4.364]
** Since the founding of Perseus, Mycenae had been in hostile relations with Argos.
** At the time, Mycenae was under the rule of Atreus, but the names of the hosts are not mentioned in the anecdote.
** The visit of Tydeus and his companions is likely a fiction.
** With the death of Eurystheus, Mycenae had no forces to join the expedition.
1215 BC | Seven Against Thebes [Apo.3.6.1, Hyginus.70, Paus.9.9.1]
** Reinforcements from Argos included Arcadians and Messenians. [Paus.9.9.2, Paus.2.20.5]
** These are believed to be Crethon and Ortilochus, two sons of Diocles of Pharae.
** The Theban reinforcements included Phocians and Phlegyans from the Minyan region. [Paus.9.9.2]
** All generals except Adrastus were killed in battle. [Apo.3.6.8, Paus.9.9.3]
1215 BC | Tydeus returned to Thebes as an emissary and was attacked by the Theban forces. However, he counterattacked, and only Maeon, son of Haemon, survived. [Home.4.364]
1215 BC | Melanippus, son of Astacus, was killed by Amphiaraus. [Apo.3.6.8]
1215 BC | Eteocles and Polyneices were killed in battle. Eteocles' son Laodamas ascended to the throne as king of Thebes, with Creon as his guardian. [Paus.1.39.2]
1215 BC | Theseus made peace with Thebes and buried the bodies of the Argives, which had been abandoned. [Aelia.12.27, Plut.These.29]
** Pausanias reports that Theseus fought against Thebes and removed their remains, or that there were no battle and Thebes allowed it. [Paus.1.39.2]
** The 4th-century BC orator Isocrates reports that Athens threatened Thebes. [Isocra.Pan.170]
** Generals were buried in Eleusis, and soldiers in Eleutherae. [Plut.These.29]
** In the 6th century BC | Eleutherae requested Athens's annexation. [Paus.1.38.8]
** From this time on, Eleutherae appears to have favored Athens over Thebes.
1215 BC | Baton, the charioteer of Amphiaraus, emigrated to Harpyia near Encheleae in Illyria. [Polyb.Fr.2.34]
** This may be a confusion with Baton, the leader of Illyria. [Strabo.7.5.3]
1215 BC | Maron, son of Euanthes, son of Oenopion, founded Maroneia near Ismarus in Thracia. [Diod.1.20.2]
1215 BC | Hyllus invaded the Peloponnesus and occupied its territories. [Apo.2.8.2]
** Mycenae, which had not yet recovered its military strength, was besieged, and Hyllus likely occupied Mydeia and Tiryns. [Pind.Ol.7.20, 75, Strabo.8.6.11]
1215 BC | Alcathous, son of Pelops, died in Megara. [Estimated from Paus.1.42.4]
1215 BC | Ajax, son of Telamon, emigrated from Salamis to Megara and succeeded Alcathous. [Paus.1.42.4]
1214 BC | the Heracleidae retreated to Tricorythus due to a plague that ravaged the Peloponnesus. [Apo.2.8.2, Diod.4.58.4]
** Hyllus received an oracle telling him to return after the third harvest. [Apo.2.8.2]
** The return of Mycenae's power and a falling out between Hyllus and his half-brother Tlepolemus are believed to be the reasons for his withdrawal.
** Tlepolemus did not withdraw with Hyllus and his companions, but instead emigrated to Rhodes. [Apo.2.8.2, Diod.4.58.7]
1214 BC | Alcmena died in Megara. [Paus.1.41.1]
** A dispute arose over whether Alcmena's burial place should be in Argos or Thebes. [Paus.1.41.1]
** However, Alcmena was born in Mydeia and had no connection to Argos.
** Thebes also contained tombs for Amphitryon and Alcmena's grandsons, but it seems they were not buried there.
** Alcmena was buried next to the tomb of Rhadamanthus in Ocaleae, in the territory of Hariatos in Boeotia. [Plut.Lysa.28]
** Alcmena's tomb was reburied in Sparta in the 4th century BC by Agesilaus of Sparta (399-358 BC). [Plut.Mor.577e]
** Alcmena's tomb contained a bronze tablet inscribed in Cretan hieroglyphs, similar to Egyptian script. [Plut.Mor.577e]
** Agesilaus entrusted a copy of the inscription to Eudoxus of Cnidus, who sent it to King Nectanabis of Egypt for decipherment. [Diogenes. 8.87.]
1213 BC | Tlepolemus emigrated to Rhodes. [Apo. 2.8.2, Diod. 4.58.7, Diod. 7.7.1, Home. Il. 2.662, Strabo. 14.2.6]
** Tlepolemus founded Lindus, Ilysus (Ialysus), and Cameirus. [Diod. 4.58.8, Strabo. 14.2.6]
** Tlepolemus remained with his grandmother's brother Licymnius, but Licymnius died of illness. Due to pressure from Mycenae, they likely emigrated to Rhodes.
** Some sources state that Licymnius died in Argos. [Diod. 4.58.7, Diod. 7.7.1, Paus. 2.22.8]
** Tlepolemus stayed in Midea, not Argos, and traveled to Rhodes with the Tirynthians. [Pind. Ol. 7.20, 75]
** Among the Tirynthians was Lebes, presumably the son of Eurystheus' brother Iphitus, who settled in Crete. [Inferred from Pind. Ol. 7.75]
** The acropolis of Tiryns was called Licymna in honor of Licymnius. The tomb of Lycymnius is believed to have been located there. [Strabo.8.6.11]
1213 BC | Lycomedes' daughter Deidamia was married to Achilles of Phthia in Thessaly. [Dictys.4.15, Hyginus.123]
1212 BC | Neoptolemus was born to Achilles and Lycomedes' daughter Deidamia. [Apo.3.13.8, Dictys.4.15, Epic.Cypria.1, Hyginus.97]
** Neoptolemus was born on the island of Scyros. [Strabo.9.5.16, Sopho.Philo.220]
1211 BC | Theseus' wife Phaedra died. [Diod.4.63.2]
1211 BC | Hyllus interpreted the oracle to mean "wait three years and then return," and set out from Tricorythus for Peloponnesus. [Apo.2.8.2]
1211 BC | Atreus, with the Tegeatans and other peoples in his army, marched to battle the Heracleidae. [Diod.4.58.2]
1211 BC | Hyllus was killed in single combat by Echemus of Tegea at Isthmus. [Diod.4.58.4, Herod.9.26]
** It is odd that the Heracleidae side provided a commander-in-chief, while the Peloponnesus side provided a reinforcement rather than a commander-in-chief.
** Agamemnon and Echemus, whom Thyestes exiled, were brothers-in-law through their respective wives.
** The duel between Hyllus and Echemus is fictional, and Hyllus is believed to have been killed in battle.
** Hyllus' tomb was in Megara. [Paus.1.41.2]
1211 BC | Heracleidae went to Aegimius, reclaimed the land their father had entrusted to them, and settled in the Dorian region. [Diod.4.58.6]
** Hyllus' army likely included Ionians, some of whom were killed in battle, likely making Tricorythus unsuitable for them.
** Antiochus, one of the namesakes of Athens and son of Heracles and Meda, daughter of Phylas of Dryopes, continued to live there. [Inferred from Paus.1.5.2]
1211 BC | Macaria, daughter of Heracles and Deianeira, married Demophon, son of Theseus, and remained in Athens. [Estimated from Jerome Chro. 1148]
1210 BC | Theseus took Tyndareus' daughter, Helen, from Idas and hid her in Aphidnae. [Diod.4.63.2, Plut.These.31]
** At the time, Helen was 7 years old [FGrH.Nr4.F168b], 10 years old [Diod.4.63.2], and 12 years old [Apo.E.1.23].
** Idas and Theseus' friend, Peirithous, were of the same race, sharing a common ancestor: Lapithes, the son of Aeolus, the son of Hippotes.
** Idas was the son of Aphareus, the son of Perieres, the son of Aeolus, the son of Lapithes.
** Peirithous was the son of Ixion, the son of Antion, the son of Periphas, the son of Lapithes.
** Idas and Theseus are also thought to have been friends through Peirithous. [Plut.These.30]
1210 BC | Theseus left Athens and traveled to Thesprotis. [Paus.1.18.4, Paus.2.22.6, Paus.3.18.5, Plut.These.31]
** In Aornum in Thesprotis, there is an oracle for summoning the dead. Theseus went there to summon his deceased wife, Phaedra. [Paus.9.30.6]
1210 BC | Theseus' two sons, Demophon and Acamas, fled to Elephenor in Chalcis, Euboea. [Aelia.4.5, Plut.These.35]
** Theseus took his sons to refuge. [Plut.These.35] Demophon and Acamas were exiled by Menestheus. [Aelia.4.5]
** Elephenor, son of Chalcodon, was the brother of Aegeus' wife, Chalciope, and thus the brother of Theseus's mother-in-law.
1210 BC | the Dioscuri captured Aphidnae in Athens and brought Helen back to Lacedaemon. [Paus.2.22.6]
** Timalcus, son of Megareus, also participated in the expedition and is said to have been killed by Theseus, but Theseus was absent and no battle took place. [Paus.1.41.3-4, Paus.3.18.5]
1210 BC | the Dioscuri were adopted by Aphidnus in order to be initiated into the Mysteries of Eleusis. [Plut.These.33]
** Non-citizens of Athens had to be adopted by a citizen of Athens in order to be initiated.
** By the time of the Persian Wars, Greeks were allowed to enter the institution. [Herod.8.65]
1210 BC | Theseus returned to Athens, but was unable to suppress the resentment of the local people, and he cursed the Athenians at Gargettus. [Plut.These.35]
1209 BC | Theseus fled to the island of Scyros, where he was murdered by Lycomedes. [Paus.1.17.6, Plut.These.35, Plut.Cimon.6]
** Theseus was exiled on the false slander of Lycus and murdered by Lycomedes out of jealousy. [Suda.th.368]
1209 BC | Menestheus became king of Athens. [Euseb.185]
** Theseus likely lost ground when the Heracleidae migrated from Tricorythus to the Dorian lands.
** The Dioscuri cooperated with Menestheus. [Paus.1.17.5]
** The Dioscuri brought Menestheus back. [Apo.E.1.23]
** The Dioscuri, at Menestheus's urging, attacked Athens. [Plut.These.32]
** The Dioscuri bestowed the throne on Menestheus. [Aelia.4.5]
** Historically, it is believed that Menestheus, plotting to seize power while Theseus was away, exploited the Dioscuri who had come to Athens to recapture Helen.
1209 BC | Tyndareus' sons, Castor and Polydeuces (Dioscuri), were killed fighting the Messenians. [Apo.3.11.2]
** Pausanias records that the Dioscuri succeeded their father, Tyndareus. [Paus.3.1.5, 3.17.2]
** However, they had sons, making it difficult for their son-in-law, Menelaus, to inherit Sparta.
** It is more likely that the Dioscuri died before their father and that Tyndareus entrusted Sparta to Menelaus. [Apo.3.11.2]
1209 BC | Idas and Lynceus died fighting the sons of Tyndareus. [Apo.3.11.2]
** Idas killed Castor. [Apo.3.11.2]
** In the ensuing battle, Polydeuces killed Lynceus. [Apo.3.11.2, Paus.3.14.7, Paus.4.3.1]
** Idas killed Polydeuces and then died. [Apo.3.11.2, Paus.4.3.1]
** The Dioscuri helped Menestheus become king of Athens, so it's likely that Idas and Lynceus died around this time. [Aelian.4.5, Paus.1.17.5]
1209 BC | Nestor succeeded Idas and moved to Messenia near Arene, where he founded Pylus. [Paus.4.3.1, Paus.4.3.7]
** Nestor likely succeeded Idas as his son-in-law.
1209 BC | Tyndareus' daughter, Clytaemnestra, married Agamemnon of Mycenae. [Tzetzes.1.460, Paus.2.22.3]
1209 BC | Epigoni's attack on Thebes [Apo.3.7.2, Diod.4.66.1, Paus.9.9.4, Paus.9.5.13]
** Ten years after Adrastus's attack on Thebes, during the reign of Laodamas, son of Eteocles. [Apo.3.7.2]
** Commanded by Alcmaeon, son of Amphiaraus. [Apo.3.7.2, Diod.4.66.1]
** Commanded by the sons of Polyneices. [Paus.9.33.1]
** Commanded by Thersander, son of Polyneices. [Paus.7.3.1]
** Reinforcements for the Theban forces came from cities surrounding Thebes. [Paus. 9.9.4]
** The Argosian reinforcements included Messenians, Arcadians, Corinthians, and Megarians. [Paus. 9.9.4]
** Hippolytus, son of Theseus, was killed when his chariot overturned and dragged him along. [Apo. E. 1.19, Diod. 4.62.3, Paus. 2.32.10]
** Hippolytus is believed to have died in battle while participating in the Epigoni. [Paus. 2.32.1]
** Troezen was home to a temple to Hippolytus founded by Diomedes. Hippolytus and Diomedes were contemporaries.
** After the Epigoni's attack on Thebes, the power of Thebes is believed to have declined sharply for the following reasons:
** 1) A rapid decline in population due to deaths in battles with the Argives and migration to various places (Illyria, Euboea, Acarnania, Asia Minor).
** 2) The difficulties faced by Thersander and his son Tisamenus, both natives of Argos, in governing after the departure of the Argives.
** As evidence of this, little is known about the events that followed the Epigoni's attack on Thebes, until Autesion, the son of Thersander's son Tisamenus, left Thebes.
1205 BC | the Epigoni sailed from Argos and landed at Aulis. The Thebans waited at Glisas, and a battle ensued. [Paus.9.5.13]
1205 BC | Thersander, son of Polyneices, became king of Thebes. [Paus.9.5.14]
** Thebes was occupied at least twice, from 1324 BC | when Amphion surrounded the city with walls, until it was occupied by the Epigoni.
** 1) 1300 BC | Phlegyes under Eurymachus [FGrH.Nr333.F41]
** 2) 1256 BC | Minyans under Erginus, son of Clymenus [Apo.2.4.11]
1205 BC | people fleeing Thebes gathered at Tilphossaeum near Alalcomenae. [Diod.4.66.5]
1205 BC | the prophet Tiresias died at the spring of Tilphusa while fleeing Thebes. [Apo.3.7.3]
** Tiresias died in Haliantia while accompanying the Argives to Delphi. [Paus.7.3.1, Paus.9.33.1]
** Tiresias' daughter Manto was taken to Delphi as the best of the spoils. [Apo.3.7.4]
1205 BC | Tiresias' daughter, Manto, was taken prisoner by Alcmaeon, son of Amphiaraus. [Apo.3.7.7]
** Later, Alcmaeon and Manto had a son, Amphilochus, and a daughter, Tisiphone. [Apo.3.7.7]
1205 BC | Eteocles' son, Laodamas, emigrated from Thebes to Illyria among the Encheleans. [Herod.5.61, Paus.9.5.13, Paus.9.8.6]
1205 BC | some Thebans split off and emigrated to Homole in Thessaly instead of going to Illyria. [Paus.9.8.6-7]
1205 BC | some Thebans founded Hestiaea (Histiaea) in northern Euboea. [Apo.3.7.3]
1205 BC | some Thebans hid in Alalcomenia and Mount Tilphosium, southwest of Lake Copais, until the Argives left. [Diod.19.53]
1205 BC | Adrastus accompanied the Epigoni on their attack on Thebes and died in Megara on the way back. [Paus.1.43.1]
1205 BC | the Pelasgians of Cabeiraea, about 5 km west of Thebes, emigrated to Athens. [Herod.2.51, Paus.9.25.7]
1205 BC | Atreus' grandson Menelaus married Helen, daughter of Tyndareus of Sparta. [Hyginus.78, Paus.2.22.6]
1205 BC | Menelaus received the kingship of Lacedaemon from his father-in-law, Tyndareus. [Apo.3.11.2, Apo.E.2.16, Hyginus.78]
** Tyndareus is presumed to have died before the Dioscuri. The legend that Menelaus inherited the throne from Tyndareus is likely a fabrication.
** Agamemnon annexed Laconia to Mycenae, and Menelaus took possession of it. [Strabo.8.6.10]
1205 BC | Britomartis, daughter of Carme, daughter of Eubulus, son of Carmanor, emigrated from Crete to Aegina. [Antoninus.40]
1204 BC | Alcmaeon invaded Acarnania and founded Argos (later Argos-Amphilochicum). [Strabo.7.7.7, Strabo.10.2.25]
** Alcmaeon, accompanied by Manto and other prisoners, headed for Illyria, founding Astacus near the mouth of the Achelous River along the way. [Estimated from Strabo.10.2.21]
** Diomedes' ally was not Alcmaeon, but Sthenelus, son of Capaneus. [Hygnius.175]
** Alcmaeon's motivation for the Acarnania campaign appears to have been the desire of the prisoners to go to Illyria.
** Evarchus, the tyrant of Astacus during the Peloponnesian War, is thought to be a descendant of Sparti, who was among the prisoners of war held by the Epigoni. [Inferred from Memnon.12.1]
** Alcmaeon was a descendant of Melampus, and the descendants of his sons, Acarnan and Amphoterus, likely taught Hesiod the art of prophecy. [Paus.9.31.5]
** Hesiod was killed at Oineon, about 15 km east of Naupactus. [Plut.Mor.969e, Thyc.3.96]
** Hesiod likely traveled between Acarnania and Boeotia.
** Megistias, a seer from Acarnania who participated in the Battle of Thermopylae, was a descendant of Melampus. [Herod.7.221]
** Alcmaeon's brother, Amphilochus, also participated in this expedition and likely never returned to Argos. [Apo.3.7.7]
** Thucydides records that Amphilochus participated in the Troy campaign. [Thucy.2.68]
** However, for the following reasons, it is presumed that Alcmaeon's younger brother, Amphilochus, did not participate in the Troy campaign.
** 1 If both brothers participated in the Epigoni's attack on Thebes, it is unlikely that the younger brother would not have participated in the founding of his brother's distant city.
** 2 It is unlikely that Alcmaeon refused Agamemnon's request and participated in the Troy campaign alone.
** 3 Homer does not mention Amphilochus.
** 4 Homer lists three generals of Argos. [Home.Il.2.557]
** 1) Sthenelus, son of Capaneus, of the Anaxagoridae [Paus.2.30.10], the main family of the three royal houses of Argos.
** 2) Diomedes, acting for Cyanippus, son of Aegialeus, son of Adrastus, son of Talaus, of the Biantidae [Dic: Bias], the royal house of Bias.
** 3) Euryalus, son of Mecisteus, son of Talaus, of the royal house of Bias.
** If Amphilochus's expedition to Troy is true, he would be listed as a general of the Melampodidae [Paus.6.17.6], one of the three royal houses of Argos.
** 5 While the names of Amphilochus's brother Alcmaeon are known to have many wives and children, the identity of Amphilochus's wife and children is unknown, and he is believed to have left Greece at a young age.
** 6 Many sources confuse him with the son of his brother Alcmaeon and Manto, born in Colophon, Asia Minor, and died in Mallus, Cilicia.
1203 BC | Thersander of Thebes recalled those who had fled to Homole, pursued by the Epigoni. [Diod.19.53, Paus.9.8.7, Strabo.9.2.3]
1203 BC | Atreus died, and Agamemnon became king of Mycenae. [Euseb.177]
** Troy fell in Agamemnon's 18th year. [Cleme.Str.1.21, Tatian.39]
** Agamemnon ruled Mycenae for 30 (35) years, and Troy fell in his 18th year. [Euseb.Chron.179, (JeromeChro.1197)]
** Agamemnon and Menelaus returned to Mycenae at the head of the Lacedaemonians. [Tzetzes.1.460]
** They ordered Thyestes and his son Aegisthus to live on the island of Cythera, off the coast of the Gulf of Laconia. [FGrH.10.11, Tzetzes.1.460]
** Thyestes died on the island of Cythera. [Estimated from Home.Od.4.512]
1202 BC | Oeneus, pursued by the sons of Agrius, fled Calydon to Diomedes in Argos. [Paus.2.25.2]
1202 BC | Diomedes led an expedition to Aetolia to avenge his grandfather Oeneus, who had been exiled from Calydon. [Paus.2.25.2]
** Diomedes' ally was not Alcmaeon, son of Amphiaraus [Apo.1.8.6, Strabo.10.2.25], but Sthenelus, son of Capaneus [Hygnius.175].
** Sthenelus was a close friend of Diomedes. [Hygnius.257]
** The sons of Agrius, son of Parthaon of Pleuron, an enemy of Oeneus, were cousins of Alcmaeon.
** It is unlikely that Alcmaeon would have assisted his kin in a war against his own family.
** Diomedes's Aetolia campaign took place after the Epigoni's attack on Thebes. [Strabo.7.7.7]
** Oeneus died before the Trojan War, so Diomedes' Aetolia campaign took place before the Trojan War. [Home.Il.14.117]
** Diomedes entrusted Aetolia to Andraemon, son-in-law of Oeneus of Amphissa. [Apo.1.8.6]
** Diomedes fought against Agrius and his sons. [Antoninus.37]
** The Thestius and Agrius families fled to the interior of Aetolia and founded Thestia and Agrinium. [LeakeN.1.155]
** Thestia and Agrinium belonged to Eurytania, the largest region in terms of number. [LeakeN.2.623]
** Thestia and Agrinium existed when Philip V, King of Macedonia, attacked the Aetolians in 218 BC. [Polyb.5.7]
1202 BC | Alcmaeon married Callirhoe, daughter of Achelous. [Paus.8.24.9]
** Hypermnestra, wife of Oecles, father of Amphiaraus, father of Alcmaeon, was a descendant of Pleuron, son of Aetolus. Callirhoe's maternal ancestor was also Pleuron.
1202 BC | Agamemnon attacked Argos and brought it under Mycenae control. [Strabo.10.2.25]
** Agamemnon targeted the Argives while many of them were on an expedition to Aetolia with Diomedes. [Strabo.10.2.25]
1202 BC | Oeneus left Calydon in the care of his son-in-law, Andraemon, and went to Argos with his grandson, Diomedes, where he died. [Apocalypse 1.8.6, Paus 2.25.2]
** According to legend, Oeneus was killed by the sons of Agrius in Arcadia while traveling to Argos with his grandson Diomedes. [Apocalypse 1.8.6]
1200 BC | Nestor visited Asclepius in Tricca, Thessaly. [Estimated from Strabo. 1.1.16]
** He inherited Messenia from Idas, but when the Lapiths in his territory disobeyed him, Nestor likely used the influential Lapiths of Thessaly to his advantage.
** He likely brokered a marriage between Anticleia, daughter of Diocles of Pharae, and Machaon, son of Asclepius. [Paus. 4.3.1]
** Nestor brought back the remains of Machaon, who was killed in battle at Troy, and buried them in Gerenia. [Paus. 3.26.9-10]
1200 BC | Machaon, son of Asclepius, married Anticleia, daughter of Diocles, from Pharae, Messenia. [Paus.4.30.3]
1200 BC | the Gephyraeans around Tanagra, pursued by Poemander, grandson of Poemander, son of Chaeresilaus, migrated to Athens. [Herod.5.57, Paus.9.20.1]
** Shortly after Epigoni's attack on Thebes, the Gephyraeans, pursued by the Boeotians, migrated to Athens. [Herod.5.61]
** This likely repays the debt they owed to the Athenians who were pursued by Eumolpus in 1415 BC. [Suda.Delta.1395]
1200 BC | Rhacius, son of Lebes, migrated from Crete to Asia Minor and founded Colophon. [Paus.7.3.1]
** Some sources suggest that Mopsus founded Colophon. [PompoMela.1.88] The town of Colophon likely did not exist during the Trojan War.
1200 BC | Admete, daughter of Eurystheus, emigrated to the island of Samos. [Athen.15.672a]
** Admete was a priestess at the temple of Hera in Argos. [Newton.139]
** Admete likely traveled to Lebes and Crete, then traveled to Asia Minor with Rhacius and emigrated to the island of Samos.
1200 BC | Zacynthus, son of Dardanus, emigrated from Psophis in Arcadia to the island of Zacynthus. [Paus.8.24.3]
** Psophis in Arcadia was called Phegia during the Epigoni's attack on Thebes. He participated in the Trojan expedition from the island of Zacynthus.
** Therefore, Zacynthus's migration is likely to have occurred around this time. [Paus.8.24.8, Home.Il.2.631]
1200 BC | Agamemnon annexed Laconia to Mycenae, and Menelaus took possession of Laconia. [Strabo.8.6.10]
1198 BC | Helen was abducted to Troy. [Apo.E.3.1-5, Dictys.1.3]
** Two years after Helen's abduction, preparations were completed and an expedition to Troy was launched. [Apo.E.3.18]
** Helen was buried in Therapne, near Sparta. [Paus.3.19.9]
1197 BC | Hermione, the daughter of Menelaus and Helen, was born in Sparta. [Apo.E.3.3, Paus.10.16.4]
** Hermione's birth is dated to nine years before the Trojan expedition.
** Hermione was nine years old when Helen was abducted to Troy. [Apo.E.3.3]
1196 BC: The event known as the First Trojan Expedition.
** Agamemnon's expedition failed after mistaking Mysia for Troy and landing there. [Apo.E.3.17, Strabo.1.1.17]
** Achilles commanded the navy at the age of 15. [Apo.E.3.16]
** This was in the 13th year of the reign of Menestheus, King of Athens [1209-1186 BC]. [Parian.Marble.23]
** Alcmaeon, who led the Epigoni, was the brother of Thersander's wife, Demonassa, and was the benefactor who restored Thersander to the throne of Thebes.
** Alcmaeon had two children with Tiresias' daughter, Manto. He later invaded Aetolia and married Callirhoe in Acarnania. [Paus.8.24.9]
** Alcmaeon entrusted Thersander with the Epigoni's captives and Manto, who wished to emigrate to a new land.
1196 BC | Thersander went to join Telephus, who had emigrated from Tegea to Mysia, but died there. [Apo.E.3.17, Strabo.1.1.17]
** Tlesimenes and Biantes, two sons of Telephus' cousin Parthenopaeus, joined the Epigoni's attack on Thebes from Mysia. [Hyginus.71]
** Tlesimenes and Biantes were comrades in arms with Alcmaeon and Thersander, and guided them to Mysia.
** Telephus's strength was so well-known that it gave rise to a proverb that it was easy to ravage Mysia when Telephus was away. [FGrH.Nr327.F19]
** This proverb also influenced the legend that Thersander was killed by Telephus after landing in Mysia by mistake, thinking he was Troy.
1196 BC | Tiresias' daughter Manto traveled south from Mysia and settled with the Cretans living in Colophon. [Paus.7.3.2, Paus.9.33.2]
1196 BC | Manto married Rhacius, son of Lebes, a Mycenaean immigrant from Crete to Colophon. [Epic.Epigoni.3]
** Rhacius wept when he heard from Manto about the fall of Thebes. [Epic.Epigoni.3]
** Rhacius's father, Lebes, was likely the son of Iphitus, son of Sthenelus of Mycenae. [Epic.Epigoni.3]
** Astymedusa (sister of Eurystheus), the sister of Iphitus, father of Lebes, father of Rhacius, was the wife of Oedipus of Thebes. [Estimated from FGrH.333.95]
1194 BC | Manto founded the oracle of Apollo at Clarus, on the seashore near Colophon. [Photios.186.6]
1190 BC | Macedon, son of Maron, son of Euanthes, emigrated to the region of Macedonia. [Diod.1.20.3]
** Diodorus reports that Macedonia was named after Macedon. [Diod.1.20.3]
1190 BC | Agamemnon appointed Euneus of Nemea as ruler of the island of Lemnos to use it as a supply base for the Trojan expedition.
** The inhabitants of Lemnos were settlers from Naxos, led by Thoas, father of Euneus's mother, Hypsipyle, and Minyans who had fled from Thessay.
** In order to gain the support of both inhabitants, Agamemnon likely spread the falsehood that Euneus was the son of Jason, who led the expedition of Hypsipyle and the Argonauts.
** Historical sources identify Euneus' father as Jason [Apo. 1.9.17, FGrH. No. 12.F14, Home. Il. 7.464; 23.738, Hyginus. 15, 273, Statius. 6.340, Strabo. 1.2.38]
** For the following reasons, Euneus is believed to be the son of Pronax, son of Talaus of Nemea, and Hypsipyle.
** (Reason 1) At the time of the Argonauts' expedition, Hypsipyle, daughter of Thoas, daughter of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, was about seven years old.
** (Reason 2) In addition to Euneus, Hypsipyle and Jason had a son, Nebrophonus (or Deipylus). [Apo. 1.9.17, Hyginus. 273]
** The circumstances surrounding Hypsipyle's arrival in Nemea, from the island of Lemnos, are hypothesized as follows:
** Hypsipyle, daughter of Thoas, who lived on the island of Lemnos, is believed to have been orphaned after the death of her parents and adopted by Phliasus.
** Some people migrated to Lemnos from Naxos along with Thoas and are believed to have participated in Dionysus' (Oenarus') expedition.
** Hypsipyle's parents are believed to have died of plague, which ravaged Lemnos. [Thucy.2.47]
** Hypsipyle was adopted by her uncle and raised in Phlius. When she reached marriageable age, she married Pronax of Nemea, about 7 km from Phlius.
** Alternatively, Hypsipyle lived in Phlius as an adopted daughter of her uncle, unrelated to the Argonauts' expedition.
1190 BC | Agamemnon attacked and subjugated Hippolytus, son of Rhopalus of Sicyon. [Paus.2.6.7]
1190 BC | Achilles attacked Poemander of Tanagra, who refused to join his expedition. [Plut.QuestGr.37]
** This likely led to continued conflict between Thebes and Eleutherae. In the 6th century BC | Eleutherae desired to become part of Athens. [Paus.1.38.8]
1190 BC | Poemander of Tanagra accidentally murdered his own son and was purified by Elephenor of Chalcis. [Plut.QuestGr.37]
1190 BC | Pylades, son of Strophius, son of Crisus, son of Phocus, migrated south from Crissa and founded Cirrha on the shores of the Gulf of Crissa. [Pind.Py.11]
1190 BC | Agamemnon's son, Halaesus, emigrated from Mycenae to Falerii in Italy. [Ovid.Fasti.4.63, Strabo.5.2.9]
** Halaesus also had connections to Alsium, about 46 km south-southwest of Falerii. [ItaPunica.1.1]
1190 BC | Agamemnon's daughter, Iphigenia, married Philaeus, son of Ajax, who lived in Megara.
** Philaeus' wife is believed to have been Agamemnon's daughter, Iphigenia. The reason for this is as follows:
** Philaeus likely lived in Megara with his father, Ajax, king of Megara, and the hero's mausoleum to Iphigenia was located in that city. [Paus.1.42.4, Paus.1.43.1]
** Iphigenia is believed to have become a priestess of Artemis and died in Brauron. [Eur.IT.1464]
** Iphigenia's brother, Hyperion, succeeded her as king of Megara. [Paus.1.43.3]
1190 BC | the Pelasgians of Ravenna in the northeastern part of the Italian peninsula migrated to Thesprotia due to oppression by the Tyrrhenians. [Estimated from Strabo.5.1.7]
** 1390 BC | the Pelasgians who had migrated from Thessaly to Ravenna returned to Thessaly. [Strabo.5.1.7]