1349 BC | Acrisius, having no heir, brought back to Argos Perseus, the son of Danae, who was living in Egypt. [Estimated from Plut.Mor.106a]
1348 BC | Proetus invited the Cyclopes from Lycia to strengthen the walls of Tiryns. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.16.5, Paus.2.25.8, Strabo.8.6.11]
** The Cyclopes were seven people who lived in a cave near Nauplia. [Strabo.8.6.2, Strabo.8.6.11]
1345 BC | Amphion and Zethus migrated near Thespiae and founded Eutresis. [Strabo.9.2.28]
1345 BC | Pisus, son of Perieres, migrated from Olenus to the Alpheius River and founded Pisa. [Paus.6.22.2]
1345 BC | Clymenus, son of Cardys, migrated from Cydonia in Crete to Olympia. [Paus. 5.8.1, Strabo. 8.3.30]
** This was approximately 50 years after the Great Flood during the time of Deucalion. [Paus. 5.8.1]
1345 BC | Phineus' sons, Clytius and Polymedes (or Plexippus, Pandion), migrated from Salmydessus to the Tauric Chersonese. [Diod. 4.44.7]
1345 BC | Anax, grandson of Ancaeus, migrated to the area near the Maeander River (later Miletus) and founded Anactoria. [Paus. 7.2.5, Pliny. 5.31.1]
1344 BC | Clymenus, son of Cardys, held the games at Olympia. [Paus.5.8.1]
1344 BC | Endymion, son of Aethlius, banished Clymenus, son of Cardys, from Olympia. [Paus.5.8.1]
** Clymenus was the grandson of the Idaean Heracles. [Newton.156]
** Clymenus likely settled near Mount Ida in the Troad region. [Evidence from Strabo.12.8.21, etc.]
1344 BC | King Anzapahhadu of Arzawa defeated the Hittite army led by Tuthaliya III's general Himuili. [wiki: Anzapahhadu]
1344 BC | King Anzapahhadu of Arzawa fought against the Hittite army led by Suppiluliuma I and was annihilated. [wiki: Anzapahhadu]
1343 BC | Perseus killed his grandfather's brother Proetus. [Hyginus.244]
1343 BC | Perseus fled to the island of Seriphus, where he was sheltered by Dictys and his wife Clymene. [Apo.2.4.1, Hyginus.63]
** Dictys and his wife Clymene were Perseus's saviors, and there are altars dedicated to them in Athens. Clymene is thought to have had a connection to Athens. [Paus.2.18.1]
** One theory holds that Polydectes and Dictys were the sons of Magnes. [Apo.1.9.6, Hesiod.CW.F3]
** Dictys, son of Magnes, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen.
** Perseus, son of Philumnus, son of Metanastes, son of Archander, son of Achaeus, son of Xuthus, son of Hellen.
** One theory states that Polydectes and Dictys were the sons of Peristhenes. [FGrH.Nr333.F4]
** Dictys was the son of Peristhenes, the son of Damastor, the son of Nauplius, the son of Amymone, the daughter of Danaus.
** Perseus was the son of Danae, the daughter of Acrisius, the son of Abas, the son of Hypermnestra, the daughter of Danaus.
** Both theories mention the names of the brothers Polydectes and Dictys, but do not specify their relationship to Seriphus.
** In the former theory, their relationship to Perseus is weak, and the island of Seriphus is far from Magnesia in Thessaly.
** In the latter theory, Abas and his cousin Nauplius lived in nearby towns and are likely related. Nauplia is also close to Seriphus.
** Therefore, the brothers Polydectes and Dictys of Seriphus are thought to be the great-grandsons of Nauplius, son of Amymone, daughter of Danaus.
** Seriphus is thought to have been a supply base on the sea route connecting Argos with Crete and Egypt.
** Even before the Dictys brothers settled there, Seriphus was likely used for fishing and trade by the inhabitants of Nauplia near Tiryns, founded by Nauplius, son of Amymone, daughter of Danaus. Nauplius's father arrived with Danaus. [Paus.4.35.2]
1342 BC | Perseus married Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus of Ethiopia. [Apo.2.4.3]
** Tantalus, who lived in Adrasteia, and Perseus, who lived in Ethiopia (part of Adrasteia), are thought to have known each other.
** The later marriages between Perseus' sons and the daughters of Pelops, son of Tantalus, are thought to have been a result of this connection.
1341 BC | Danae was blown away by a strong wind while leading a colony from Egypt to the island of Sardinia and was washed ashore on the western coast of the Italian peninsula. [Virg. Aene. 7.409]
** Sardus, son of Maceris, led colonies to Sardinia from Egypt in 1390 BC | and Aristaeus, son of Archander, led colonies to Sardinia in 1372 BC.
** In the 12th year of the reign of Akhenaten [c. 1353–1336 or 1351–1334 BC], the 10th pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, a plague ravaged the island. [wiki: Akhenaten]
1341 BC | Danae founded Ardea, 30 km southeast of Rome. [Pliny.3.56, Virg.Aene.7.409, Solinus.2.5]
** Danae's colonies likely included Achaeans and Pelasgians who had migrated from Argos to Egypt.
1341 BC | Tantalus married Eurythemiste, daughter of Tros of Troy. [FGrH.Nr333.F40, estimated from Euri.Scho.Or.11.1]
** An archaic commentary on Euripides' "Orestes" states that Xanthus was the father of Eurythemiste, mother of Pelops.
** Xanthus is the ancient name of Scamander, which flows near Ilium, and means river god. It is thought to have been Tros, king of Troy at the time.
1341 BC | Perses was born as the eldest son of Perseus and Andromeda.
Electryon was born in 1340 BC as the son of Perseus and Andromeda.
1340 BC | Faunus, son of Aethex, along with the Aborigines, drove the Umbrians out of Croton, north of Lake Trasimene. [Antiq.1.20.4, Ita.5.1]
** Arnus, son of Faunus, was a descendant of the Pelasgians who migrated from Thessaly. [Herod.1.57]
1340 BC | Aspledon, son of Orchomenus, founded Midea, named after his mother, about 10 km southwest of Orchomenus. [Paus.9.39.1]
** Aspledon's relocation is thought to have been due to a war with the Hyantes.
1340 BC | Lesbos, son of Lapithes, led a colony from Thessaly to Lesbos and married Methyma, daughter of Macareus. [Diod. 5.81.6]
1340 BC | Macareus of Lesbos emigrated his son Neandrus to the island of Cos. [Diod. 5.81.8]
1340 BC | Macareus of Lesbos emigrated his son Leucippus to Rhodes. [Diod. 5.81.8]
1340 BC | Hippocoon founded Pylus (Phyllus [Strabo. 9.5.14]) near Crannon. [Estimated from Apo. 1.9.11]
** Hippocoon is thought to be the son of Hellen, son of Pronous, son of Deucalion.
1340 BC | Iocastus (or Jocastus), son of Aeolus, son of Melanippe, founded Rhegium. [TzeAdLyco.46, Heraclides.55]
1340 BC | Agathyrnus, son of Aeolus, son of Melanippe, founded Agathyrnus in northern Sicily. [Diod.5.8.2]
1340 BC | two sons of Peristhenes, Dictys and Polydectes, emigrated from Nauplia to the island of Seriphus. [Estimated from FGrH.Nr333.F4]
1340 BC | Amphissus, son of Andraemon, emigrated from Amphissa to the vicinity of Mount Oeta and founded Oeta. [Antoninus.32]
** The Dryopians, who lived near the Spercheius River, participated in the construction of Oeta.
Acrisius died in Argos in 1339 BC and was buried in Larisa, the acropolis of Argos. [Cleme.Exho.3]
** The oldest of the Larisas was Larisa of Argos, which was the acropolis of Argos. [FGrH.Nr4.F91]
1339 BC | Megapenthes, son of Proetus, moved from Tiryns to Argos.
** Megapenthes was a direct descendant of Abas, and was likely more welcomed by the Argos residents than Perseus, a descendant of the latter.
** It is likely that residents of Tiryns and other areas migrated to Argos along with Megapenthes.
1338 BC | Laius, the son of Labdacus, was born in Thebes. [Apo.3.5.5]
1338 BC | Salmoneus' daughter, Tyro, married Hippocoon, who lived in Pylus near Arne in Thessaly. [Apo.1.9.11, Hyginus.10]
** Salmoneus likely lived across the Enipeus River from Pylus.
** Tyro fell in love with the river god Enipeus (Hippocoon). [Apo.1.9.8, Home.Od.11.235, Strabo.8.3.32]
1337 BC | Labdacus died in Thebes. [Apo.3.5.5]
** Labdacus was murdered by mad women because he shared the same views as his paternal cousin, Pentheus. [Apo.3.5.5]
1337 BC | Laius, son of Labdacus, was one year old, so his grandfather Nycteus' brother Lycus became his guardian for the second time. [Apo.3.5.5, Paus.9.5.6]
1336 BC | Asterios' daughter Perseis married the son of Phineus, a resident of Tauric Chersonese. [Apo.3.1.2, Diod.4.44.7]
1335 BC | Salmoneus emigrated from Thessaly to Eleia and founded Salmone. [Strabo.8.3.32, Apo.1.9.7]
** Salmoneus emigrated to Elis, which had been founded by his half-brother Aethlius.
1335 BC | Andraemon's son Amphissus founded Oeta near Mount Oeta. [Antoninus.32]
1335 BC | Anax founded Anactoria near the mouth of the Maeander River. [Paus.7.2.5]
** Anax is believed to have been the son of the son of Ancaeus, king of Leleges. [Inferred from his residence in Miletus]
1335 BC | Cytissorus founded Sinope east of Cytissorus. [Inferred from Strabo.12.3.10]
1335 BC | Oenomaus, son of Harpina, married Evarete, daughter of Acrisius. [Hyginus.84]
1335 BC | Dius, son of Pandorus, migrated northwest from Chalcis in Euboea and founded Dion (Dium, Dios). [wiki:Dius, SchoOnHomeIl.2.538]
1335 BC | Zethus, son of Antiope, married Thebe, daughter of Physcius, from Locris. [Apo.3.5.6]
1332 BC | Perseus returned to Peloponnesus and occupied Tiryns.
1332 BC | Amphion, son of Antiope, married Niobe, daughter of Tantalus. [Apo.3.5.6, Paus.9.5.7]
** The meeting place is thought to have been the sanctuary of Cabeiri, about 5 km west of Thebes. About 7 km southwest of there was Eutresis, where Amphion lived.
** The Cabeiri cult, which spread from Samothrace to Greece, also included the Cybele cult espoused by Niobe's ancestors.
** Broteas, son of Tantalus, created the oldest statue of the Mother of the Gods. [Paus.3.22.4]
** Tantalus lived in Paphlagonia. [Diod.4.74.1]
1332 BC | Daeira, daughter of Benthesicyme of Ethiopia, was married to Eumolpus, son of Chione, who lived in Thracia. [Apo.3.15.4, Euseb.Pra.2.6]
1332 BC | Oeoclus, son of Ascra, founded Ascra, together with Otus and Ephialtes, near the source of the Asopus River in Boeotia. [Paus.9.29.1]
** Otus and Ephialtes, sons of Aloeus of Sicyon, likely collaborated in the founding of Ascra because of the following relationship between them:
** Ascra was the daughter of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, and her husband was Haliartus, son of Thersander, son of Sisyphus. This likely resulted in a marriage between cousins.
** The sons of Oeoclus, son of Ascra, and Aloeus were likely cousins, sharing Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, as their common grandfather.
1332 BC | Thebe, daughter of Physcius, married Zethus, son of Eleuther, who lived in Eutresis in Boeotia. [Apo.3.5.6, Paus.9.8.4]
1331 BC | Periphas, son of Lapithes, married Astyagia, daughter of Hypseus, son of Peneius, and had eight sons. [Diod.4.69.3]
1330 BC | Ilus married the daughter of King Wilusa. [wiki: Kukunni (Ukrainian, Russian)]
** Kukkunni (Ilus's father-in-law) was an ancestor of Alaksandu (Laomedon), likely through the female line. [wiki: Kukunni (Ukrainian, Russian)]
1330 BC | Pisus, son of Perieres, married Telegone, daughter of Pharis, from Pharae near Olenus. [Mentioned in Greek River Gods]
1330 BC | Oenomaus, son of Alxion, migrated from Heraea in Arcadia to Eleia and founded Harpina. [Paus.6.21.8]
1330 BC | the brothers Phrixus and Makistus, descendants of Caucon, son of Lycaon, founded Phrixa and Makistos in southern Eleia. [StephByz.M428.11]
1330 BC | Glaphyrus, son of Magnes, son of Aeolus, founded Glaphyrae near Lake Boebeis in Thessaly. [StephByz.G209.3]
1330 BC | Perseus founded Mycenae and surrounded it with fortified walls. [Paus.2.15.4, Paus.7.25.6]
** Perseus also founded Midea. [TzeAdLyco.838]
** Perseus also surrounded Midea with fortifications. [Apo.2.4.5]
1330 BC | Thracians from Naxos (Strongyle) attacked Euboea but were repelled. [Diod.5.50.4]
** Euboea is believed to be Hyria, not an island. Later, Aloeus' wife and daughter were abducted from nearby Anthedon. [Diod.5.50.6]
1330 BC | Thracians from Naxos attacked Drius (location unknown) in Thessay. [Diod.5.50.4]
1330 BC | Iphimedeia, wife of Aloeus of Anthedon in Boeotia, and her daughter Pancratis were abducted by the Thracians and taken to the island of Naxos. [Diod.5.50.6]
** There is a legend that Aloeus founded Alus in Aitolia, but this is likely a fiction. [Hesiod.CW.F6]
** The tombs of Aloeus' sons, Otus and Ephialtes, were located in Anthedon. [Paus.9.22.6]
1330 BC | Otus and Ephialtes defeated the Thracians of Naxos. [Diod.5.50.6]
** They changed the name of the island, formerly called Strongyle, to Dia. [Diod.5.51.2, Pliny.4.67]
** The island's name is thought to have been taken from Dia (Hebe, daughter of the goddess Hera, worshipped in Argos), who was highly revered in Philus and Sicyon. [Strabo.8.6.24]
** The island of Naxos was called Dionysias because of its abundant vineyards. [Pliny.4.67]
1329 BC | Endymion held the games at Olympia. [Paus.5.1.4]
1328 BC | Otus and Ephialtes identified the Muses as three goddesses: Melete (Practice), Mneme (Memory), and Aoede (Song). [Paus.9.29.2]
1327 BC | Ilus succeeded Wilusa to the throne. [wiki: Kukunni (Ukrainian, Russian)]
** Ilus is believed to have married the daughter of King Wilusa, a Hittite vassal state. If he had usurped the throne by force, it is likely that he would have fought against the Hittites.
** Ilus's succession to the throne of Wilusa was peaceful, and he likely lived among the inhabitants of Wilusa.
** Wilusa and the Hittites had been on friendly terms since the time of Hattusili I (1650-20 BC). [wiki: Alaksandu]
** Kukunni of Wilusa did not participate in Arzawa's rebellion against Suppiluliuma I (1344-22 BC).
1326 BC | Aetolus, son of Endymion, married Pronoe (or Astynome), daughter of Phorbas. [Apo.1.7.7]
** This was during the time when Phorbas lived in Thessaly. They were kin, sharing a common ancestor, Aeolus, son of Hippotes.
1326 BC | Zethus and Amphion attacked Thebes, but were repelled by Lycus and fled to Locris. [Estimated from FGrH.Nr333.F170 and Paus.9.5.6]
** Zethus and Amphion lived in Eutresis, near Thespiae. [Strabo.9.2.28]
** In Locris lived Physcius, father of Zethus' wife, Thebe. [Apo.3.5.6]
1325 BC | Zethus and Amphion gathered an army, attacked Thebes, and engaged Lycus in battle. [Diod.19.53, Paus.9.5.6]
1325 BC | Lycus was murdered by Zethus and Amphion. [Apo.3.5.5]
** Lycus was in his 20th year of wardship. 1st-8th years (1365-57 BC), 2nd-12th years (1337-25 BC)
** Locrus, a brother of Thebes, joined forces with his brother-in-law, Zethus. [FGrH.Nr333.F170]
** Itonus, the son of Boeotus, who lived in Arne in Thessaly, likely also joined the cause.
** Itonus was the son of Boeotus, the son of Melanippe, wife of Itonus, the brother of Aetolus, the father of Locrus's father, Physcius. Itonus was Locrus' second cousin.
** Participation in this battle likely led to Boeotus' son Itonus' migration to Boeotia. [Diod.19.53, Strabo.7.7.2]
** Amphion banished Laius from Thebes. [Apo.3.5.5] Laius secretly fled Thebes. [Paus.9.5.6]
** However, Laius later fled to Pelops, so there was no hostility between him and Amphion, the husband of Pelops' sister Niobe.
** Laius remained in Thebes, and Amphion presumably became his guardian.
** Laius was the son of Labdacus, the son of Nycteis, the sister of Amphion's mother, Antiope. In other words, Laius was the son of Amphion's maternal cousin. [Aelian.13.5, Athen.603a, Plut.Mor.313e]
** Amphion was the son of Antiope, sister of Nycteis, mother of Labdacus, father of Laius.
1325 BC | Itonus, son of Boeotus of Arne, emigrated to Boeotia. [Diod.19.53, Strabo.7.7.2]
** Itonus's settlement is thought to have first been in Arne, submerged in Lake Copais, and then moved to nearby Coroneia.
** Itonian Athena was located near Arne in Thessaly and around Coroneia in Boeotia. [Strabo.9.5.17, Paus.3.9.13, Paus.9.34.1, Paus.9.34.5, Strabo.9.2.29]
** Leleges also migrated from Locris to Boeotia. [Strabo.7.7.2]
1325 BC | Tenerus, son of Melia, established an oracle on Mount Ptous. [Paus.9.26.1, Strabo.9.2.34]
** The oracle on Mount Ptous continued until Alexander the Great destroyed Thebes in 335 BC. [Leake N.2.279]
1325 BC | Phylacus, son of Deion, migrated from Phocis to Thessaly and founded Phylace northwest of the Pagasetic Gulf. [Apo.1.9.12]
1325 BC | Tantalus was chased by Ilus and emigrated to Mount Sipylus in Lydia. [Diod.4.74.4]
** Tantalus is likely the son of Clymenus, son of Cardys, who was banished from Olympia by Endymion of Elis. [Paus.5.8.1]
** Tantalus's territory was given to Adrastus and became known as Adrasteia. [Strabo.13.1.13]
** Adrastus was the father of Ilus' wife, Eurydice. [Apo.3.12.3, FGH.Nr4.F24c]
** Tantalus fled to Pessinus, near the source of the Sangarius River in Phrygia. [Diod.10.Fr.Incerta.3]
** Pessinus was approximately 370 km from Mount Ida. It was said that it took Tantalus 10 days' journey to sow seeds within his territory. [Strabo.12.8.21]
** Tantalus likely ruled as far as Pessinus near Gordium.
1325 BC | Perseus founded Midea. [TzeAdLyco.838]
** Perseus also built a wall around Midea. [Apo.2.4.5]
** Later, Perseus' son Electryon named the city Midea after his wife. [Apo.2.4.5]
1324 BC | Amphion and Zethus founded a walled city below Cadmeia. [Home.Od.11.253, Paus.9.5.7]
** The walls were built to protect the city from the oppressive Phlegyes who lived nearby. [FGrH.Nr333.F41]
** The seven gates were named after Amphion's daughters: Thera, Cleodoxe, Astynome, Astycratia, Chias, Ogygia, and Chloris. [Hyginus.69]
** Originally, there were 12 gates. [MalaChro.2.49]
1324 BC | Amphion and Zethus named the city they founded below Cadmeia Thebes. [Paus.9.5.6]
** Cadmeia came to be called Thebes after Zethus' wife, Thebe. [Paus.2.5.2]
** Thebes was named after the father of Amphion and Zethus. [MalaChro.2.49]
1324 BC | Epeius, son of Endymion, held the games at Olympia. [Euseb.Chron.191]
1323 BC | Muwa-Walwis, king of the Seha River Land, died and was succeeded by Manapa-Tarhunta. [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 14]
** Manapa-Tarhunta was Muwa-Walwis' son. [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 14]
** Muwa-Walwis's sons exiled Manapa-Tarhunta. [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 14]
** Manapa-Tarhunta fled to Karkiya (Caria). [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 14]
1322 BC | Mursili II sent a letter to Karkiya requesting that Manapa-Tarhunta be accepted as exile. [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 14]
** Likely occurred before Mursili II (1321-1295 BC) ascended to the throne.
1322 BC | the inhabitants of Seha rebelled and recalled Manapa-Tarhunta from Karkiya. [wiki: Manapa-Tarhunta]
1322 BC | Tantalus (Uhha-Ziti) expelled Maskhuiluwa, who had succeeded Tarhuntaraddu, king of Arzawa. [wiki: Maskhuiluwa]
** Maskhuiluwa fled to the Hittite king Suppiluliuma I [1344-22 BC] and married his daughter Muwatti. [wiki: Maskhuiluwa]
** Both Suppiluliuma I and Arnuwanda II died of plague, and were likely unable to immediately raise an army against Arzawa.
** Uhha-Ziti also persuaded Manapa-Tarhunta of Seha to join the rebellion. [wiki: Manapa-Tarhunta]
1322 BC | Zethus died of grief after his son Neis was killed by Thebes' negligence. [Paus.9.5.9]
1322 BC | Perseus sent his son Electryon to Ethiopia to reinforce Perses. [Estimated]
** Electryon later married the Phrygian Midea and had many sons. [Apo.2.4.5]
1321 BC | Epopeus died. His son Marathon returned to Sicyon from Attica. [Paus.2.1.1]
** Marathon gave Asopia (later Sicyon) to Sicyon and Ephyraea (later Corinth) to Corinthus. [Paus.2.1.1]
1321 BC | Arnuwanda II (1322-21 BC) died and was succeeded by Mursili II (1321-1295 BC). [wiki: Manapa-Tarhunta]
1320 BC | Ilus, son of Tros, advanced into Mysia of Olympene, fighting against Byzos of Bebryces and expanding his power. [Photios.186.12, Strabo.12.3.3, 14.5.23, Plin.5.127]
1320 BC | Phorbas, son of Lapithes (or Lapithus), was invited by the inhabitants of Rhodes to migrate from Thessaly to the island. [Diod.5.58.5]
** The invitation to Rhodes was likely made by Leucippus, son of Macareus. He and Phorbas were cousins, their grandfather being Aeolus, son of Hippotes.
1320 BC | Salmoneus banished Aetolus, son of Endymion, from Elis. [Paus.5.1.8, Strabo.8.3.33]
1320 BC | Aetolus migrated from Elis to Aetolia. [Apo.1.7.6]
** Aetolus migrated to the "Curetian country," later known as Pleuron. [Apo.1.7.6, Strabo.10.2.5]
** Aetolus migrated to the land at the foot of Mount Curium, between the Achelous and Euenus rivers.
** Aetolus was the first Greek to inhabit Aetolia. He became the eponym of the Aetolians. [Paus.5.1.8, Strabo.8.3.33, Strabo.10.3.4]
1320 BC | Paeon, son of Endymion, migrated to Paeonia. [Paus.5.1.5]
** Like Aetolus, Paeon was likely driven out of Elis by Salmoneus.
1320 BC | Amphion's family perished due to a plague. [Apo.3.5.6, Paus.9.5.9]
** Amphion's son Amyclas and daughter Meliboea (Chloris) were spared. [Apo.3.5.6]
** Chloris had many siblings, and she was the eldest. [Apo.3.5.6]
** Chloris was unmarried at the time of Pelops' marriage. [Paus.5.16.4]
1320 BC | Laius, son of Labdacus, became king of Thebes. [Paus.9.5.10]
1320 BC | Cecrops, son of Erechtheus, emigrated to Euboea. [Paus.1.5.3]
** When a ruler is suddenly "emigrated," it sometimes means that he was "exiled."
** The migration of Abas, son of Lynceus, from Argos to Phocis. [Paus.10.35.1]
** Abas, son of Melampus, migrated from Argos to Thessaly. [Strabo.9.5.5]
** 1360 BC | Pandorus, brother of Cecrops, traveled to Euboea and founded Chalcis. [Ps-Scym.566]
1320 BC | Cychreus and Scyrius (or Sciron, Chiron, Scirus), likely brothers of Pandion, also emigrated to the islands of Salamis and Scyros, respectively. [Estimated]
** Pandion emigrated to Scyros with Scyrius (or Sciron, Chiron, Scirus). [Estimated]
1320 BC | Acrias, son of Amyclas, founded Acriae on the coast of Laconia. [Paus.6.21.10]
1320 BC | Linus, the son of Amphimarus and Ourania, was born in Thebes. [Diogenes.1.3, Suda.la.568]
1320 BC | Electryon and Midea had a son, Celaeneus (Piyama-Radu). [Apo.2.4.5]
1320 BC | Hippomenes, son of Haliartus, migrated southeast from Haliartus and founded Onchestus. [Hesiod.CW.F28]
1320 BC | Methon, son of Magnes, migrated from near Mount Olympus to the northwestern shore of the Thermaic Gulf and founded Methone. [Plut.QuestGr.11]
1319 BC | Pandion adopted Aegeus, the son of Scyrius. [Apo.3.15.5]
1319 BC | Melampus was born in Pylus, Thessaly, the son of Amythaon and Aglaia. [Apo.1.9.11, Diod.4.68.3]
** Given Melampus's prophetic powers and the fact that all of his brothers had wives from Boeotia, Aglaia is likely the daughter of Tenerus of Boeotia.
1319 BC | the armies of Attarimma, Huwarsanassa, and Suruda fled to Arzawa, and Mursili II demanded their surrender from Uhha-Ziti. [CTH 61 I, B ii: 29]
1319 BC | Mursili II marched to Apasas, where Uhha-Ziti was located, and defeated Piyama-Kurundas. [CTH 61 I, A ii: 15]
** The battle took place at Walma near the Astapa River (presumably the Meander River). [CTH 61 I, A ii: 15]
** Year 3 of Mursili II's reign (1321-1295 BC) [wiki:Astarpa River]
1319 BC | as Mursili II approached Apasas, Uhha-Ziti, who was ill, chose to leave the battlefield and cross over to the islands. [CTH 61 I, A ii: 15]
** Those who did not cross over were taken prisoner and sent to Hattusas. 15,500 people. [CTH 61 I, A ii: 33]
** They barricaded themselves in Mount Arinnandas, but Mursili II surrounded and starved them out. [CTH 61, II.2B iii: 27]
1319 BC | Mursili II retreated to the Astapa River for winter quarters. [CTH 61 I, A ii: 46, CTH 61, II.2A iii: 23]
1319 BC | Tantalus allied with King Ahhiuwa of Miletus. [CTH 61 II, 2B i: 23]
1319 BC | Alector (or Alexinus) held the games at Olympia. [Euseb.Chron.191]
** Alexinus is believed to be Alector, son of Salmoneus of Elis. [Diod.4.69.2]
1318 BC | Pandion, son of Cecrops, emigrated to Megara and married Pylia, daughter of Pylas. [Apo.3.15.5, Paus.1.5.3]
1318 BC | Hittite king Mursili II ordered Mala-Ziti and Gulla to attack Miletus, which sided with Uhha-Ziti. [CTH 61 II, 2B i: 23]
** Miletus was captured, and its inhabitants, along with their cattle and sheep, were exiled to Hattusas. [CTH 61 II, 2B i: 23]
** Asterius, son of Miletus's king Anax, was buried on an island near Lade, which lies in front of Miletus. [Paus.1.35.6]
** Cleochus' daughter Aria fled to the island of Crete, where Miletus was born. [Estimated from Apollo.3.1.2]
1318 BC | Uhha-Ziti's son, Piyama-Kurunta, attacked Mashuiluwas of Mira, who was stationed in Impa, but was repelled. [CTH 61 II, 2B i: 23]
1318 BC | Piyama-Kurunta traveled from Apasas (Ephesus) to the island where Tantalus and Pelops had taken refuge (presumably Samos). [wiki: Piyama-Kurunta]
** At the time, Samos had approximately 1,000 slaves. [Apollo.1.185, Heraclides.30, Strabo.14.1.3]
1318 BC | Uhha-Ziti died of illness. [CTH 61, II.2A iii: 23, CTH 61, I. A ii: 50]
1318 BC | Tapalazunauli returned from the island to the mainland and entered Purandas, where the people were holed up. [CTH 61, I. A ii: 50]
1318 BC | Mursili II marched to Purandas and defeated Tapalazunauli, who had emerged from Purandas. [CTH 61, I. A ii: 57]
** Ilus of Ilium also participated in the attack. [Paus.2.22.3]
** According to Hittite documents, at the time, the Hittites and Wilusa (Troy) were allied in a war against Arzawa (Maeonia). [wiki: Wilusa, Arzawa]
** Tapalazunauli escaped Purandas when besieged, but his wife and sons were taken prisoner. [CTH 61, I. A ii: 71]
** Purandas fell, and 16,00 people were taken prisoner and sent to Hattusas. [CTH 61, I. A ii: 79]
** Piyama-Kurunta and King Ahhiuwa, who were on the island, were taken prisoner along with those who had fled to the island and sent to Hattusa. [CTH 61, I. A iii: 1]
** King Ahhiuwa is believed to be Cleochus, who fled Miletus.
** Cleochus's remains were later buried in Didymaeum near Miletus. [Cleme.Exho.3]
1318 BC | Mursili II visited Manapa-Tarhundas in Seha, pardoned him for his actions, and granted him a free territory. [CTH 61, I. A iii: 13]
** 4,000 exiles who had fled to Seha were sent to Hattusas. [CTH 61, I. A iii: 13]
** Mursili II conquered Arzawa in two years. 66,000 exiles were sent to Hattusas. [CTH 61, I. A iii: 26]
1318 BC | Mursili II made Mashuiluwas ruler of Mira. [CTH 61, II.2B iv: 34]
1318 BC | Polemon's son, Naxos, emigrated to the island of Dia and renamed it Naxos. [Diod. 5.51.3]
1318 BC | Salmoneus' daughter, Tyro, remarried her uncle, Cretheus, who lived in Iolcus. [Hyginus.13]
1317 BC | Minyas' daughter, Clymene, was married to Phylacus, who lived in Phylace, Thessaly. [Apollo.1.45, Hesiod.CW.F84, Hyginus.14]
1315 BC | Oenomaus emigrated from Harpina to Pisa. [Paus.5.1.6]
** Oenomaus, who lived in Harpina, attacked Pisus, the son of Perieres, who lived in Pisa, just west of Harpina. Pisus is presumed to have been killed.
** Pisus' wife, Telegone, is presumed to have emigrated to Pharae in Messenia, founded by her father, Pharis.
** Elis, which at the time ruled Olympia, was a city descended from Perieres' brother, Aethlius, and Oenomaus also seized Olympia. [Paus.5.1.7]
1315 BC | a second Minos was born. [Diod.4.60.3]
1315 BC | Pelops emigrated from Samos to Peloponnesus. [Paus.2.22.3]
** Pelops' son, Chrysippus, was born before he arrived in Greece, suggesting he spent about three years in Asia Minor after the battle. [Hyginus.85, Plut.Mor.313e]
** Pelops emigrated from Lydia to Peloponnesus after being attacked by Ilus in Ilium. [Paus.2.22.3]
** According to Hittite documents, the Hittites and Wilusa (Troy) were allied against Arzawa (Maeonia) at the time. [wiki:Wilusa, Arzawa]
** Pelops's residence was likely also in Maeonia, and it is assumed that he emigrated overseas after being attacked by the combined forces of Hittite and Wilusa.
** Pelops's landing in the Peloponnesus is believed to have been near the mouth of the Eurotas River in the Gulf of Laconia.
** Acrias, founder of Acriae near the mouth of the Eurotas River, was killed by Oenomaus. [Paus.6.21.10]
** Acrias is believed to be the son of Amyclas, who migrated south from Sparta and founded Amyclae.
** Acriae was home to the oldest statue of the Mother of the Gods on the Peloponnesian Peninsula. [Paus.3.22.4]
** Pelops's real name was Peloponnesus. [StephByz.P515.2]
** Pelops came from Asia to the impoverished Greece with great wealth and used it to expand his influence. [Thucy.1.9]
** The wealth of the descendants of Tantalus and Pelops came from the mineral deposits of Prygia and the Sipylus Mountains. [Strabo.14.5.28]
1315 BC | Pelops married Hippodamia, daughter of Oenomaus of Pisa. [Paus.5.16.4]
** Pelops killed Oenomaus with a spear. [Eur. IT.826]
** There is a story of a chariot race from Pisa to the Isthmus of Corinth, a distance too far for horses to race. [Apo.E.2.5]
** Chloris, daughter of Amphion and Niobe, won the foot race at the wedding feast of Pelops and Hippodamia. [Paus.5.16.4]
1315 BC | Emathion, son of Macedon, son of Aeolus, founded Emathia. [Strabo.7.8.2]
1315 BC | Eumolpus, son of Chione, emigrated from Thracia to Eleusis to inherit the cult. [This is presumed because Eumolpus's descendants were priests in Eleusis.]
** The tomb of Eumolpus, son of Chione, was located in Eleusis. [Paus.1.38.2]
1314 BC | Oenomaus held the Olympic Games at Olympia. [Euseb.Chron.191]
** Oenomaus likely took Pelops as his son-in-law to Pisa.
1312 BC | Pandion returned to Athens from Megara and became king of Athens. [Estimated from Euseb.Chron.185]
1312 BC | Mursili's eclipse (24 June 1312 BC) [wiki: Astarpa River]
** 10th year of the reign of Mursili II [wiki:Mursili's eclipse]
1312 BC | Perses, son of Perseus, was pressured by Troy and requested reinforcements from Perseus of Mycenae. [Estimated]
1310 BC | Dyspontus, son of Oenomaus of Pisa, founded Dyspontium on the road from Olympia to Elis, near the sea. [Paus.6.22.4]
1310 BC | Melaneus, son of Periphas, founded Oechalia near Tricca. [Estimated from Strabo.10.1.10]
1310 BC | Perieres, son of Aeolus, emigrated from Thessaly to Andania in Messenia, in response to a request from the Andania region, which had lost its heir. [Paus.4.2.2]
** Perieres, who was single, was likely chosen from among the leading figures of Aeolis in Thessaly.
** Along with Perieres, many Lapiths likely migrated from Thessaly to Andania.
1310 BC | Perseus was killed by Megapenthes, son of Proetus. [Hyginus.244]
** After this, Argos and Mycenae became estranged.
** Mycenae agreed to send reinforcements for the attack on Thebes, but ultimately did not. It is believed they never requested reinforcements in the first place.
** Argos is listed in the attack on Troy, but no casualties were reported, suggesting it was a passive participant.
1310 BC | Sthenelus, son of Perseus, succeeded Mycenae. [Strabo.8.6.19]
1310 BC | Megapenthes murdered Lynceus of Abae in Phocis. [Hyginus.244]
1310 BC | Abas, son of Lynceus of Abae in Phocis, murdered Megapenthes. [Hyginus.244]
** After Acrisius' death, Megapenthes ruled Argos, and there appears to have been conflict with the colony of Abae.
1310 BC | Megapenthes' son, Argeus, became king of Argos. [Paus.2.18.4]
1310 BC | Abas, son of Lynceus, migrated from Abae in Phocis to Chalcis in Euboea. [Hyginus.244, Strabo.10.1.3]
1310 BC | Ornytus, likely Lynceus' son, migrated from Abae to northwest Phocis and founded Naubolenses (later Drymaea). [Paus.10.33.12]
1310 BC | Crius, likely Lynceus' son, migrated from Abae to Euboea. [Paus.10.6.6]
1310 BC | Hyantes migrated near Abae in Phocis and founded Hyampolis. [Paus.10.35.5]
** Hyantes' migration is thought to have been a result of a war with Minyas.
1310 BC | Pierus, son of Magnes, son of Aeolus, founded Pieria on the north side of Mount Olympus. [Tzetzes.6.930]
** Aeropus, son of Hemathion (or Emathion), was the first to rule Pieria. [Tzetzes.6.930]
1310 BC | Ismarus, son of Eumolpus, son of Chione, founded Ismarus near the sea between the Hebrus and Nestus rivers in Thracia. [Estimated from Ps-Scym.646]
1308 BC | Laius, son of Labdacus, married Jocasta, daughter of Menoeceus. [Paus.9.5.10]
1307 BC | Perieres, son of Aeolus, married Gorgophone, daughter of Perseus of Mycenae. [Apo.1.9.5, Paus.4.2.4]
** This marriage is likely a result of Andania and Mycenae being Achaean cities.
1306 BC | Phorbas, son of Lapithes, was summoned by King Alector of Elis, who feared Pelops, and entrusted him with the reign of Olenus. [Diod.4.69.2]
** <<Why Alector is believed to be Salmoneus' son. >>
** Salmoneus banished Aetolus, son of Endymion of Elis. [Paus.5.1.8, Strabo.8.3.33]
** Aetolus was succeeded by Eleius, son of Aetolus's sister, Eurycyda. [Paus.5.1.8]
** Eleius was the son of the granddaughter of Salmoneus's half-brother Aethlius. [Apo.1.7.3]
** King Alector of Elis, who does not appear in Pausanias' genealogy, entrusted Olenus to Phorbas. [Diod.4.69.2]
** Phorbas was the son of Salmoneus' half-brother Lapithes. [Diod.5.81.6]
** Alexinus, who organized the Olympic Games after Oenomaus, is likely to be the same person as Alector. [Euseb.Chron.191]
** From the above, the following can be inferred:
** Alector was the son of Salmoneus, the husband of Eurycyda, and the father of Eleius.
** Salmoneus exiled King Aetolus of Elis, and his grandson Eleius became king of Elis. Due to his youth, Eleius's father, Alector, became his guardian.
** Later, as Pelops of Pisa rose to power, Alector, alarmed, entrusted his cousin Phorbas with Olenus, then a territory in Elis.
1305 BC | Melaneus, likely Aeolus' son, founded Oechalia near Andania. [Paus.4.2.2]
** Melaneus likely emigrated to Messenia at the request of his brother, Perieres.
1305 BC | Europus, son of Macedon, son of Aeolus, founded Europus, a little north of Pella. [StephByz.E287.14]
** Europus's mother was Oreithyia, daughter of Cecrops. [StephByz.E287.14]
1305 BC | Beres, son of Macedon, founded Beris in Macedonia. [StephByz.B164.23]
1305 BC | Cyparissus, son of Minyas, founded Cyparissus near Delphi. [Paus.10.36.5]
1305 BC | Mashuiluwa rebelled against his brother-in-law, Mursili II, and was captured. [wiki: Mashuiluwa]
1305 BC | Mashuiluwa's adopted son, Kupanta-Kurunta, became king of Mira. [wiki: Mashuiluwa]
1305 BC | Chariclo, daughter of Cychreus, was married from the island of Salamis to Scyrus, son of Cecrops, who lived on the island of Scyros. [Plut.These.10]
1305 BC | Amphitryon was born to Alcaeus, king of Tiryns, and Hipponome. [Apo.2.4.5, Paus.8.14.2, Paus.9.11.1]
1303 BC | Phlias, son of Araethyrea of Phlius, married Chthonophyle, daughter of Sicyon, from Sicyon. [Paus.2.12.6]
1303 BC | Perieres of Andania in Messenia died, leaving two sons, Aphareus and Leucippus. [Estimated]
** This is likely around the time Perieres' wife, Gorgophone, remarried Oebalus of Lacedaemon, giving birth to a daughter, Arene, who married Aphareus.
1303 BC | Cretheus, son of Aeolus, died in Iolcus. [Diod.4.68.3]
1303 BC | Amythaon's daughter, Perimela, married Periphas' son, Antion. [Diod.4.69.3]
1303 BC | Amythaon, accompanied by Neleus, Melampus, and Bias, emigrated to Eleia and founded Pylus. [Apo.1.9.9, Diod.4.68.3, Paus.4.36.1]
** Neleus's migration is said to have been due to a dispute with his brother, Pelias. [Diod.4.68.3]
** However, Pelias and Neleus had a good relationship, as evidenced by the following:
** 1) Pelias and Neleus jointly held the Olympic Games. [Paus.5.8.2]
** 2) The daughter of Bias, who emigrated with Neleus, married Pelias. [Hyginus.14]
** Amythaon, accompanied by her sons, led the migration to Eleia, not Neleus. [Diod.4.68.3]
** Pylus was located on the mountain pass from Elis to Olympia. The Ladon River flows near Pylus, where it joins the Peneius River. [Paus.6.22.5]
** There is also a legend that Pylas, son of Cleson of Megara, founded Pylus in Eleia. [Paus.6.22.5]
** Historically, Pylas was over 78 years old. This is likely a fictionalized version of the name Pylus.
** The name Pylus is likely a direct reference to Pyllus in Thessaly, Amythaon's hometown. [Apo.1.9.11]
1303 BC | Gorgophone, wife of Aeolus' son Perieres, remarried Oebalus of Sparta. [Apo.1.9.5, Paus.4.2.4]
1303 BC | Hippocoon's son Pheres migrated from Phyllus to the vicinity of Iolcus and founded Pherae. [Apo.1.9.14]
1302 BC | Evippe, daughter of Paeon, married Pierus, brother of Methone, who lived in Pieria. [Tzetzes.6.930]
** Pierus was a cousin of Evippe's grandfather, Endymion.
1302 BC | Melampus, son of Amythaon, married Iphianeira, daughter of Megapenthes of Argos. [Apo.2.2.2, Diod.4.68.5]
** Argeus, son of Megapenthes, fearing Mycenae, likely married his sister to the son of Amythaon, who was the leader of Eleia at the time.
1301 BC | Calydon, son of Aetolus, married Aeolia, daughter of Amythaon. [Apo.1.7.7]
** Aethlius, the father of Endymion, the father of Aetolus, was the brother of Salmoneus, the father of Tyro, the mother of Amythaon.
** Thus, Calydon and Aeolia were third cousins.
** Amythaon's grandfather Salmoneus was an enemy of Calydon's father Aetolus, who drove him from Elis.
** Many of the inhabitants of Calydon were descendants of people from Elis.
** Calydon likely sought to oppose his brother Pleuron, who was gaining power with the support of Curetes, through marriage.
1301 BC | Charops, son of Methon, emigrated from Methone in Macedonia to Bisaltia in Thracia. [Estimated from Tzetzes.8.1]
1301 BC | Minyas' daughter, Periclymene, was married to Pheres, who lived in Phera in Thessaly. [Hyginus.14, Tzetzes.2.280]
1300 BC | Aeson, son of Hippocoon, founded Aesonis (or Aeson) near the Pagasetic Gulf. [Apollo.1.411, StephByz.A54.16]
1300 BC | Cynurus, son of Perseus, migrated from Mycenae to near Laconia and founded Cynuria. [Paus.3.2.2]
1300 BC | the Phlegyes, led by Eurymachus, invaded Thebes, plundering and ravaging the city. [FGrH.Nr333.F41]
** The Phlegyes also had a leader named Phorbas, who lived in Panopeus after the Trojan War. [Ovid.Meta.11.410, Philos.2.19]
1300 BC | Creon, the son of Menoeceus, was born in Thebes. [Hyginus.86]
1300 BC | the Maeonians, led by Tyrrhenus, son of Atys, migrated to the west coast of Italy. [Antiq.1.27.2, Herod.1.94, Plut.Romu.2, Strabo.5.2.4]
** The Hittite king Mursili II captured Arzawa, whose capital was Apasa (later Ephesus), and expelled its inhabitants. [wiki: Arzawa]
** Some of the expelled inhabitants fled to the island of Samos, likely reducing the population of Ephesus.
** The island of Samos was home to people who had been enslaved in battle. 1,000 slaves revolted, made peace, and traveled to Ephesus. [Athen.6.267a]
** Herodotus attributes the migration to famine, but it is believed to have been a war with the Hittites. [Herod.1.94]
** The Maeonians, who changed their name to Tyrrhenians, were Pelasgians. [Antiq.1.28.3, Plut.Romu.2, Strabo.5.2.4]
** The languages of the Pelasgians and Tyrrhenians were completely different. [Antiq.1.29.3]
** The Etrurians came from Lydia. [Just.20.1]
1300 BC | Romis repelled the Pelasgians' invasion of Latium. [Plut.Romu.2]
1300 BC | Arnus, son of Faunus, was expelled from the area around Lake Trasimene by the Pelasgians led by Tyrrhenus. [Ita.5.1]
1300 BC | the Pelasgian Maleos was driven by Tyrrhenus from Regis Villa near Rome to Sicily. [Paus.1.28.3, Strabo.5.2.8]
** The Pelasgians lived in Sicily, Acarnania, and Boeotia, before settling in Athens around 1126 BC. [Paus.1.28.3, Diod.19.53, Strabo.9.2.3]
1300 BC | the Pelasgians who had migrated from Thessaly to Italy were expelled by the Maeonians led by Tyrrhenus. [Pliny.3.50, Strabo.5.2.3]
1300 BC | Pellene, son of Phorbas, son of Triopas (Abas), migrated from Argos to Achaia and founded Pellene. [Paus.7.26.12]
1300 BC | Aeetes, son of Perseis, migrated from Tauric Chersonese to the Colchis region and inherited it. [Apo.1.9.1]